Safety

1.1 These requirements cover the following types of transformers:

1. Air-cooled transformers and reactors for general use;
2. General purpose autotransformers;
3. Ferroresonant transformers;
4. Class 2 and Class 3 transformers (which are evaluated in accordance with Part 3);
5. Cord-connected transformers (which are evaluated in accordance with Part 2);
6. Transformers incorporating overcurrent or over-temperature protective devices, transient voltage surge protectors, or capacitors; and
7. Permanently-connected transformers.

1.2 These transformers are intended to be used in accordance with the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, or CSA C22.1, the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I. The Canadian Electrical Code defines low voltage as any voltage from 31 to 750 V inclusive and high voltage as any voltage above 750 V. The National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, defines low voltage as any voltage up to 600 V, nominal. Therefore, low voltage transformers intended for use in Canada may be rated above 600 V up to 750 V. Low voltage transformers intended for use in the United States are rated up to 600 V. Where information in clauses and tables in this standard reference voltage ranges, the limit of 600 V applies in the United States, while the limit of 750 V applies in Canada.

1.3 The standard does not cover the following transformers:

1. Direct plug-in types;
2. Neon;
3. Liquid-immersed;
4. Variable voltage (Variac);
5. Low voltage landscape;
6. Swimming pool and spa:
7. Ignition;
8. High intensity lighting;
9. Toy;
10. Fluorescent lamp types;
11. Transformers for welders;
12. Distribution;
13. Transformers intended for use in the United States with a nominal primary rating of more than 600 V;
14. Transformers incorporating rectifying or waveshaping circuitry;
15. Transformers for use with radio- and television-type appliances;
16. Transformers intended for use in the United States having overvoltage taps rated over 660 V;
17. Autotransformers used in industrial control equipment, which are evaluated in accordance with the requirements of the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508, or CSA C22.2 No. 14, Industrial Control Equipment; and
18. Other special types of transformers covered in requirements for other electrical devices or appliances.

1.4 Part 1, as well as Part 2 and Part 3, establish the characteristics, construction, operating conditions, markings, and test conditions for each type of transformer.

1.5 The requirements in this standard may be modified by requirements in an end product standard if a transformer is intended for use only as a component in other equipment.

1.1 These requirements cover instrument batteries, enclosed batteries, emergency lighting and power batteries and uninterruptible power supply batteries of the valve regulated or vented type. A battery system composed of vented or valve regulated types with battery management controls and other battery system components, and other chemistries or battery types are covered by the Standard for Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applications, UL 1973.

1.1 This Standard applies to battery chargers for use on nominal system voltages not exceeding 600 V intended for household, commercial, or industrial use in accordance with the rules of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I.

The purpose of this standard is to develop industry-wide requirements including methods and procedures for the control of battery room and enclosure environments. This includes adequate ventilation of battery-generated gases, the dissipation of battery-generated head, the control of room and enclosure temperature, the management of battery electrolyte spills, and in general the control of any contaminates within the battery room or enclosure.

1.1 This Standard applies to uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). The primary function of the UPS covered by this Standard is to ensure continuity of an alternating power source. The uninterruptible power supplies can also serve to improve the quality of the power source by keeping it within specified characteristics. 1.2 This Standard is applicable to movable, stationary, fixed, and built-in UPS for distribution systems up to and including 600 V ac.

This part of IEC 62109 applies to the power conversion equipment (PCE) for use in Photovoltaic (PV) systems where a uniform technical level with respect to safety is necessary. This standard defines the minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of PCE for protection against electric shock, energy, fire, mechanical and other hazards. This standard provides general requirements applicable to all types of PV PCE. There are additional parts of this standard that provide specific requirements for the different types of power converters, such as Part 2 - inverters. Additional parts may be published as new products and technologies are commercialised. This standard covers PCE connected to systems not exceeding maximum PV source circuit voltage of 1 500 V d.c. The equipment may also be connected to systems not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. at the a.c. mains circuits, non-mains a.c. load circuits, and to other DC source or load circuits such as batteries. This standard may be used for accessories for use with PCE, except where more appropriate standards exist. Evaluation of PCE to this standard includes evaluation of all features and functions incorporated in or available for the PCE, or referred to in the documentation provided with the PCE, if such features or functions can affect compliance with the requirements of this standard. Replace the maximum PV source circuit voltage of 1 500 V d.c. with 2 000 V d.c. This standard has not been written to address characteristics of power sources other than photovoltaic systems, such as wind turbines, fuel cells, rotating machine sources, etc. NOTE 1 Requirements for other sources may be incorporated in the IEC 62109 series in the future. Additional or other requirements are necessary for equipment intended for use in explosive atmospheres (see IEC 60079), aircraft, marine installations, electromedical applications (see IEC 60601) or at elevations above 2 000 m. NOTE 2 Requirements are included for adjustment of clearance distances for higher elevations, but not for other factors related to elevation, such as thermal considerations Add new sentence before NOTE 1. "PV PCE with inputs for other non-PV power sources (not specifically addressed by this standard), shall address the normal and abnormal source specific operating characteristics including but not limited to; voltage range, current range, short circuit current, over-voltage, etc." The purpose of the requirements of this part of IEC 62109 is to ensure that the design and methods of construction used provide adequate protection for the operator and the surrounding area against: a) electric shock and energy hazards; b) mechanical hazards; c) excessive temperature hazards; d) spread of fire from the equipment; e) chemical hazards; f) sonic pressure hazards; g) liberated fluids, gases and explosion hazards. NOTE Servicing personnel are expected to have the necessary knowledge and skill to use reasonable care in dealing with hazards associated with the operation, repair and maintenance of this equipment. Based upon this premise, this standard provides only limited requirements (for example markings or guarding) intended to protect service personnel from hazards that may not be apparent even to trained personnel. Aspects not covered by this standard include, but are not limited to, the following: a) functional reliability, performance or other properties of the equipment not related to safety; b) effectiveness of transport packaging; c) EMC requirements; d) installation requirements, which are covered by local and national installation codes. NOTE This standard does provide requirements for PCE intended to ensure that the PCE can be installed in a safe manner, including requirements for installation instructions provided with the product.

The technical requirements for parallel generation are in place to ensure public and employee safety, protect the integrity of Toronto Hydro’s system, and guarantee reliable and quality service to Toronto Hydro customers. The technical requirements in this document are for the protection of Toronto Hydro's facilities, and the Generator should satisfy itself as to any requirements for the protection of its own facilities.

This Code sets the minimum conditions that a distributor must meet in carrying out its obligations to distribute electricity under its licence and the Energy Competition Act, 1998. Unless otherwise stated in the licence or Code, these conditions apply to all transactions and interactions between a distributor and all retailers, generators, distributors, transmitters and consumers of electricity who use the distributor’s distribution system.

The National Building Code of Canada 2015 (NBC), published by NRC and developed by the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes, sets out technical provisions for the design and construction of new buildings. It also applies to the alteration, change of use and demolition of existing buildings. Over 360 technical changes have been incorporated in this new edition.