Standard

1.1 This Standard applies to all liquid-filled power transformers, except those types listed in Clause 1.3, and specifies minimum efficiency ratings. The minimum efficiencies specified are for transformers at their base kVA rating, as described in Tables 1 to 3. Minimum efficiencies are also specified for some special designs (Clause 4.3). 1.2 This Standard applies to power transformers rated from 501 to 10 000 kVA and operating with a 60 Hz waveform and does not include the effect of any harmonics.

1.1 This Standard specifies the mechanical and electrical characteristics of three-phase network distribution transformers having rated primary voltages up to 34.5 kV and kV-A ratings of 500 to 2500 Note: It is possible that transformers complying with this Standard will, if operated by a body other than an electric utility, be subject to additional requirements imposed by the electric inspection authority having jurisdiction. 1.2 This Standard applies only to three-phase distribution transformer units intended for use in a ventilated vault or enclosure below grade level.

1.1 These requirements cover instrument batteries, enclosed batteries, emergency lighting and power batteries and uninterruptible power supply batteries of the valve regulated or vented type. A battery system composed of vented or valve regulated types with battery management controls and other battery system components, and other chemistries or battery types are covered by the Standard for Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applications, UL 1973.

1.1 This Standard applies to battery chargers for use on nominal system voltages not exceeding 600 V intended for household, commercial, or industrial use in accordance with the rules of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I.

This Standard provides a method of presenting technical information relating to the selection of storage batteries for photovoltaic systems and to the precision of that information.
Note: A distinguishing feature of photovoltaic (PV) power systems is the unpredictability and limitation on the amount of charging power available and hence on the charge-d ischarge cycles imposed on the storage battery.
1.2
This Standard includes procedures designed to verify the capacity, efficiency, and longevity of storage batteries.

The purpose of this standard is to develop industry-wide requirements including methods and procedures for the control of battery room and enclosure environments. This includes adequate ventilation of battery-generated gases, the dissipation of battery-generated head, the control of room and enclosure temperature, the management of battery electrolyte spills, and in general the control of any contaminates within the battery room or enclosure.

1.1 This Standard applies to uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). The primary function of the UPS covered by this Standard is to ensure continuity of an alternating power source. The uninterruptible power supplies can also serve to improve the quality of the power source by keeping it within specified characteristics. 1.2 This Standard is applicable to movable, stationary, fixed, and built-in UPS for distribution systems up to and including 600 V ac.

This standard specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall be performed to demonstrate that the interconnection functions and equipment of a distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Standard P1547; Interconnection equipment that connects distributed resources (DR) to an electric power system (EPS) must meet the requirements specified in IEEE Standard P1547. Standardized test procedures are necessary to establish and verify compliance with those requirements.

IEEE Std 1547.2-2008 provides application details to support the understanding of IEEE Std 1547-2003 and is intended to serve DR owners and operators as well as area EPS staff. It provides technical background, application details and guidance, requirements rationale, schematics, and examples to facilitate the use of IEEE std 1547-2003. This guide addresses some topics that are related to DR project implementation to enhance user understanding of how IEEE Std 1547-2003 may relate.

This part of IEC 62109 applies to the power conversion equipment (PCE) for use in Photovoltaic (PV) systems where a uniform technical level with respect to safety is necessary. This standard defines the minimum requirements for the design and manufacture of PCE for protection against electric shock, energy, fire, mechanical and other hazards. This standard provides general requirements applicable to all types of PV PCE. There are additional parts of this standard that provide specific requirements for the different types of power converters, such as Part 2 - inverters. Additional parts may be published as new products and technologies are commercialised. This standard covers PCE connected to systems not exceeding maximum PV source circuit voltage of 1 500 V d.c. The equipment may also be connected to systems not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. at the a.c. mains circuits, non-mains a.c. load circuits, and to other DC source or load circuits such as batteries. This standard may be used for accessories for use with PCE, except where more appropriate standards exist. Evaluation of PCE to this standard includes evaluation of all features and functions incorporated in or available for the PCE, or referred to in the documentation provided with the PCE, if such features or functions can affect compliance with the requirements of this standard. Replace the maximum PV source circuit voltage of 1 500 V d.c. with 2 000 V d.c. This standard has not been written to address characteristics of power sources other than photovoltaic systems, such as wind turbines, fuel cells, rotating machine sources, etc. NOTE 1 Requirements for other sources may be incorporated in the IEC 62109 series in the future. Additional or other requirements are necessary for equipment intended for use in explosive atmospheres (see IEC 60079), aircraft, marine installations, electromedical applications (see IEC 60601) or at elevations above 2 000 m. NOTE 2 Requirements are included for adjustment of clearance distances for higher elevations, but not for other factors related to elevation, such as thermal considerations Add new sentence before NOTE 1. "PV PCE with inputs for other non-PV power sources (not specifically addressed by this standard), shall address the normal and abnormal source specific operating characteristics including but not limited to; voltage range, current range, short circuit current, over-voltage, etc." The purpose of the requirements of this part of IEC 62109 is to ensure that the design and methods of construction used provide adequate protection for the operator and the surrounding area against: a) electric shock and energy hazards; b) mechanical hazards; c) excessive temperature hazards; d) spread of fire from the equipment; e) chemical hazards; f) sonic pressure hazards; g) liberated fluids, gases and explosion hazards. NOTE Servicing personnel are expected to have the necessary knowledge and skill to use reasonable care in dealing with hazards associated with the operation, repair and maintenance of this equipment. Based upon this premise, this standard provides only limited requirements (for example markings or guarding) intended to protect service personnel from hazards that may not be apparent even to trained personnel. Aspects not covered by this standard include, but are not limited to, the following: a) functional reliability, performance or other properties of the equipment not related to safety; b) effectiveness of transport packaging; c) EMC requirements; d) installation requirements, which are covered by local and national installation codes. NOTE This standard does provide requirements for PCE intended to ensure that the PCE can be installed in a safe manner, including requirements for installation instructions provided with the product.