System Safety Analysis

The standard describes FMEA and Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), and gives guidance as to how they may be applied to achieve various objectives by providing the procedural steps necessary to perform an analysis; identifying appropriate terms, assumptions, criticality measures, failure modes; defining basic principles; and providing examples of necessary worksheets or other tabular forms. All the general qualitative considerations presented for FMEA will apply to FMECA, as latter is an extension of the other.

This International Standard describes fault tree analysis and provides guidance on its
application as follows:
definition of basic principles;
describing and explaining the associated mathematical modelling;
explaining the relationships of FTA to other reliability modelling techniques;

description of the steps involved in performing the FTA;
identification of appropriate assumptions, events and failure modes;
identification and description of commonly used symbols.

NFPA 921 sets the bar for scientific-based investigation and analysis of fire and explosion incidents. Referenced in the field, training, and court, it is the foremost guide for rendering accurate opinions as to incident origin, cause, responsibility and prevention and is intended for use by public sector employees responsible for fire investigation and private sector professionals who conduct investigations for insurance companies or litigation purposes. All aspects of fire and explosion investigation are covered from basic methodology to collecting evidence to failure analysis.

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the deployment of lithium ion batteries in energy storage systems (ESS). Many ESS are being deployed in urban areas both in high rise structures and single- and multi-family residences. Local Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) along with the ESS integrators and installers are challenged by the lack of clear direction on fire protection and suppression in these installations.